{"id":6061,"date":"2026-05-27T14:17:38","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T12:17:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/?p=6061"},"modified":"2026-05-31T19:45:03","modified_gmt":"2026-05-31T17:45:03","slug":"laser-tea-n2-oscillateur-amplification-limite-diffraction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/laser-tea-n2-oscillateur-amplification-limite-diffraction\/","title":{"rendered":"Laser TEA N2 oscillateur + amplification limite diffraction"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arnold a mis au point ce premier laser MOPA N2 pour l&rsquo;\u00e9talonnage de la chambre \u00e0 d\u00e9rive du CERN.<\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Des impulsions laser \u00e0 azote subnanosecondes peuvent produire de longues traces d&rsquo;ionisation dans les gaz, localisables \u00e0 50 \u00b5m dans une chambre \u00e0 d\u00e9rive. Une ionisation primaire sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 2000 \u00e9lectrons\/cm\u00b2 est obtenue dans des m\u00e9langes Ar\/CO\u2082. L&rsquo;ionisation est un processus multiphotonique. Le potentiel d&rsquo;ionisation de l&rsquo;argon est de 13,7 eV et le faisceau laser fournit 3,67 eV. Le faisceau non focalis\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e8re un champ \u00e9lectrique de 1,1 MV\/cm.<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_half  column-top-margin\" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><h1 data-section-id=\"gd6hb0\" data-start=\"318\" data-end=\"393\">D\u00e9veloppement du laser TEA N\u2082 limite de diffraction pour l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience UA1<\/h1>\n<h4 data-start=\"395\" data-end=\"666\">Au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1980, dans le contexte du programme proton-antiproton du CERN dirig\u00e9 par <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Carlo Rubbia<\/span><\/span>, de nouveaux besoins apparurent concernant l&rsquo;\u00e9talonnage des chambres \u00e0 d\u00e9rive utilis\u00e9es dans les d\u00e9tecteurs de physique des hautes \u00e9nergies.<\/h4>\n<h4 data-start=\"668\" data-end=\"914\">Afin d&rsquo;obtenir une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence spatiale extr\u00eamement pr\u00e9cise et reproductible, <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Arnold Neracher<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9veloppa une famille de lasers TEA \u00e0 azote fonctionnant \u00e0 la limite de diffraction destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la calibration des d\u00e9tecteurs gazeux.<\/h4>\n<h4 data-start=\"916\" data-end=\"958\">Ces syst\u00e8mes furent con\u00e7us pour produire :<\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"960\" data-end=\"1227\">\n<li data-section-id=\"14hs1lu\" data-start=\"960\" data-end=\"1008\">\n<h4>des impulsions UV sub-nanosecondes \u00e0 337,1 nm ;<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1tuce4d\" data-start=\"1009\" data-end=\"1049\">\n<h4>une tr\u00e8s faible divergence angulaire ;<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"lljzrm\" data-start=\"1050\" data-end=\"1115\">\n<h4>une focalisation proche de la limite th\u00e9orique de diffraction ;<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"16ugnlg\" data-start=\"1116\" data-end=\"1227\">\n<h4>une ionisation multi-photonique contr\u00f4l\u00e9e dans les m\u00e9langes gazeux Ar\/CO\u2082 utilis\u00e9s dans les chambres \u00e0 d\u00e9rive.<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"1229\" data-end=\"1337\">Le d\u00e9veloppement conduisit \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation de syst\u00e8mes MOPA (Master Oscillator Power Amplifier) associant :<\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"1339\" data-end=\"1444\">\n<li data-section-id=\"9vzjqg\" data-start=\"1339\" data-end=\"1373\">\n<h4>un oscillateur ma\u00eetre monomode ;<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"ny8vn7\" data-start=\"1374\" data-end=\"1404\">\n<h4>une ligne \u00e0 retard optique ;<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"wlgkx3\" data-start=\"1405\" data-end=\"1444\">\n<h4>un amplificateur TEA N\u2082 de puissance.<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"1446\" data-end=\"1562\">Cette architecture permettait de conserver la qualit\u00e9 spatiale du faisceau tout en augmentant fortement son \u00e9nergie.<\/h4>\n<h4 data-start=\"1564\" data-end=\"1734\">Les traces d&rsquo;ionisation ainsi g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es reproduisaient avec une grande fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 les trajectoires laiss\u00e9es par les particules relativistes dans les d\u00e9tecteurs, permettant :<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_half  column-top-margin\" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-builder-el-5  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  avia-align-center '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" class='wp-image-6063 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-6063 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-133711.png\" alt='' title='Capture d&#039;\u00e9cran 2026-05-27 133711' height=\"653\" width=\"925\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-133711.png 925w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-133711-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-133711-768x542.png 768w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-133711-260x185.png 260w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-133711-705x498.png 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 925px) 100vw, 925px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_full  column-top-margin\" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-builder-el-7  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  avia-align-center '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" class='wp-image-6065 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-6065 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-134521.png\" alt='' title='Capture d&#039;\u00e9cran 2026-05-27 134521' height=\"660\" width=\"942\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-134521.png 942w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-134521-300x210.png 300w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-134521-768x538.png 768w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-134521-705x494.png 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 942px) 100vw, 942px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_full  column-top-margin\" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-builder-el-9  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  avia-align-center '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" class='wp-image-6066 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-6066 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-133218.png\" alt='' title='Capture d&#039;\u00e9cran 2026-05-27 133218' height=\"655\" width=\"715\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-133218.png 715w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-133218-300x275.png 300w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-133218-705x646.png 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 715px) 100vw, 715px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  column-top-margin\" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><h3 data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"163\">Prototype tr\u00e8s compact de laser TEA azote (N\u2082) impulsionnel, oscillateur + amplificateur int\u00e9gr\u00e9.<\/h3>\n<h3 data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"163\"><strong data-start=\"167\" data-end=\"221\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u201cLaser TEA N2 1MW 700 ps Oscillator and amplifier\u201d<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 data-start=\"223\" data-end=\"425\">Ce type de g\u00e9om\u00e9trie plate \u00e9voque fortement les concepts de lasers TEA ultracourts d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s dans les ann\u00e9es 80\u201390 pour obtenir des impulsions sub-nanosecondes avec une tr\u00e8s faible inductance parasite.<\/h3>\n<h3 data-start=\"427\" data-end=\"481\">Quelques \u00e9l\u00e9ments remarquables visibles sur la photo :<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"483\" data-end=\"839\">\n<li data-section-id=\"c696e5\" data-start=\"483\" data-end=\"540\">\n<h3>structure \u00ab sandwich \u00bb plane \u00e0 tr\u00e8s faible inductance ;<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1cbvcli\" data-start=\"541\" data-end=\"588\">\n<h3>\u00e9lectrodes larges type stripline\/microstrip ;<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"8dukrq\" data-start=\"589\" data-end=\"640\">\n<h3>alimentation par ligne de transmission int\u00e9gr\u00e9e ;<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"x3jh5z\" data-start=\"641\" data-end=\"680\">\n<h3>sortie optique centrale tr\u00e8s courte ;<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"2j8qqf\" data-start=\"681\" data-end=\"770\">\n<h3>boucle rouge probablement utilis\u00e9e comme connexion impulsionnelle HV ou d\u00e9clenchement ;<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"wx5g0e\" data-start=\"771\" data-end=\"839\">\n<h3>g\u00e9om\u00e9trie optimis\u00e9e pour des fronts de mont\u00e9e extr\u00eamement rapides.<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"841\" data-end=\"862\">Avec 700 ps et 1 MW :<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_half  column-top-margin\" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><h3 data-start=\"943\" data-end=\"980\"><span class=\"inline-block align-middle\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">E<\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">P<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u00d7<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">t<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 data-start=\"982\" data-end=\"1004\">ce qui donne environ :<\/h3>\n<h3><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">1\u00d7106\u00d7700\u00d710\u221212\u22480.7 mJ<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 data-start=\"1073\" data-end=\"1079\">Donc :<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1080\" data-end=\"1183\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1vsq4xl\" data-start=\"1080\" data-end=\"1105\">\n<h3>puissance cr\u00eate \u00e9norme,<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"de4dm\" data-start=\"1106\" data-end=\"1141\">\n<h3>mais \u00e9nergie relativement faible,<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"tybh35\" data-start=\"1142\" data-end=\"1183\">\n<h3>typique des lasers TEA N\u2082 ultrarapides.<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"1185\" data-end=\"1243\">Le plus int\u00e9ressant dans ce genre d\u2019architecture est que :<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1244\" data-end=\"1459\">\n<li data-section-id=\"15d1mzn\" data-start=\"1244\" data-end=\"1309\">\n<h3>la d\u00e9charge doit devenir homog\u00e8ne en quelques centaines de ps ;<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"17rofco\" data-start=\"1310\" data-end=\"1362\">\n<h3>l\u2019inductance totale doit \u00eatre extr\u00eamement faible ;<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"ftl3r4\" data-start=\"1363\" data-end=\"1459\">\n<h3>la ligne Blumlein ou pseudo-Blumlein est souvent int\u00e9gr\u00e9e directement dans la structure plane.<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_half  column-top-margin\" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-builder-el-15  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  avia-align-center '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" class='wp-image-6072 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-6072 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-135518.png\" alt='' title='Capture d&#039;\u00e9cran 2026-05-27 135518' height=\"655\" width=\"967\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-135518.png 967w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-135518-300x203.png 300w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-135518-768x520.png 768w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-135518-705x478.png 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 967px) 100vw, 967px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   avia-builder-el-16  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  column-top-margin\" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-builder-el-17  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  avia-align-center '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" class='wp-image-6073 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-6073 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-134154.png\" alt='' title='Capture d&#039;\u00e9cran 2026-05-27 134154' height=\"662\" width=\"880\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-134154.png 880w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-134154-300x226.png 300w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-134154-768x578.png 768w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-134154-705x530.png 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  avia-builder-el-18  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  column-top-margin\" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-builder-el-19  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  avia-align-center '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" class='wp-image-6075 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-6075 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-141350.png\" alt='' title='Capture d&#039;\u00e9cran 2026-05-27 141350' height=\"607\" width=\"943\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-141350.png 943w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-141350-300x193.png 300w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-141350-768x494.png 768w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-141350-705x454.png 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 943px) 100vw, 943px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   avia-builder-el-20  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_full  column-top-margin\" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-builder-el-21  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  avia-align-center '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" class='wp-image-6078 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-6078 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-135805.png\" alt='' title='Capture d&#039;\u00e9cran 2026-05-27 135805' height=\"640\" width=\"1020\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-135805.png 1020w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-135805-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-135805-768x482.png 768w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-135805-705x442.png 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  avia-builder-el-22  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_full  column-top-margin\" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><h3 data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"365\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">Ce montage est une architecture tr\u00e8s \u00e9l\u00e9gante de laser TEA N\u2082 \u00e0 double ligne de Blumlein, o\u00f9 l\u2019oscillateur ma\u00eetre et l\u2019amplificateur sont synchronis\u00e9s intrins\u00e8quement par la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l\u2019\u00e9clateur et ajust\u00e9s finement par retard optique.<\/span><br data-start=\"242\" data-end=\"245\" \/><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">Votre sch\u00e9ma montre en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 deux g\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs d\u2019impulsions ultra-rapides coupl\u00e9s par un \u00e9clateur central non inductif.<\/span><\/h3>\n<hr data-start=\"367\" data-end=\"370\" \/>\n<h1 data-section-id=\"kd73q\" data-start=\"372\" data-end=\"414\">Principe g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la ligne de Blumlein<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"416\" data-end=\"514\">Une ligne de Blumlein est un g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur d\u2019impulsions haute tension extr\u00eamement rapide permettant :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"516\" data-end=\"666\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1f41nj3\" data-start=\"516\" data-end=\"552\">une mont\u00e9e de tension tr\u00e8s abrupte<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1wsc9pj\" data-start=\"553\" data-end=\"591\">une largeur d\u2019impulsion bien d\u00e9finie<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"m2oiv1\" data-start=\"592\" data-end=\"629\">une adaptation d\u2019imp\u00e9dance correcte<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"15if7us\" data-start=\"630\" data-end=\"666\">une d\u00e9charge homog\u00e8ne du gaz laser<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"668\" data-end=\"693\">Le principe fondamental :<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"695\" data-end=\"955\">\n<li data-section-id=\"q1513i\" data-start=\"695\" data-end=\"752\">On charge plusieurs lignes capacitatives en parall\u00e8le.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"9xvdmc\" data-start=\"753\" data-end=\"814\">On d\u00e9clenche brutalement un court-circuit via un \u00e9clateur.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"b1z0te\" data-start=\"815\" data-end=\"872\">Une onde \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique se propage dans les lignes.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"dpceok\" data-start=\"873\" data-end=\"955\">La charge (ici le plasma laser) re\u00e7oit une impulsion rectangulaire tr\u00e8s rapide.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"957\" data-end=\"960\" \/>\n<h1 data-section-id=\"1399u6o\" data-start=\"962\" data-end=\"1006\">Votre montage : double Blumlein sym\u00e9trique<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"1008\" data-end=\"1031\">Votre sch\u00e9ma comporte :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1033\" data-end=\"1096\">\n<li data-section-id=\"rdxrcj\" data-start=\"1033\" data-end=\"1063\">une ligne pour l\u2019oscillateur\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0un c\u00f4t\u00e9 charg\u00e9 \u00e0 +30 kV<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1mnfcog\" data-start=\"1064\" data-end=\"1096\">une ligne pour l\u2019amplificateur\u00a0 \u00a0l\u2019autre \u00e0 \u221230 kV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1152\" data-end=\"1219\">Donc la tension diff\u00e9rentielle totale appliqu\u00e9e au plasma atteint :<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">Vdiff=(+30kV)\u2212(\u221230kV)=60kV<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1259\" data-end=\"1292\">Ce qui est \u00e9norme pour un TEA N\u2082.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1259\" data-end=\"1292\">Structure du montage<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1323\" data-end=\"1338\">Les capacit\u00e9s :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1340\" data-end=\"1389\">\n<li data-section-id=\"wwhrrp\" data-start=\"1340\" data-end=\"1364\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">CS0C_{S0}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">C<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">S<\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">CSaC_{Sa}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">C<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">S<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"7vndsl\" data-start=\"1365\" data-end=\"1389\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">CF0C_{F0}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">C<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">F<\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">CFaC_{Fa}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">C<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">F<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1391\" data-end=\"1433\">forment les lignes de transmission plates.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1435\" data-end=\"1495\">Leur inductance distribu\u00e9e est celle des plaques parall\u00e8les.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1497\" data-end=\"1535\">L\u2019inductance centrale <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">LcL_c<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">L<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">c<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> sert \u00e0 : \u00e9quilibrer la tension de charge<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1666\" data-end=\"1669\" \/>\n<h1 data-section-id=\"v7xf40\" data-start=\"1671\" data-end=\"1704\">L\u2019\u00e9clateur central non inductif<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"1706\" data-end=\"1752\">C\u2019est le point le plus intelligent du syst\u00e8me.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1754\" data-end=\"1769\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u201cl\u2019\u00e9clateur \u00e9pouse la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de la ligne\u201d<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1819\" data-end=\"1835\">C\u2019est essentiel.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1837\" data-end=\"1870\">Un \u00e9clateur classique introduit :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1872\" data-end=\"1925\">\n<li data-section-id=\"16jlfah\" data-start=\"1872\" data-end=\"1893\">inductance parasite<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1mlie64\" data-start=\"1894\" data-end=\"1902\">retard<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"11jp6ts\" data-start=\"1903\" data-end=\"1925\">d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre spatial<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1927\" data-end=\"1954\">Ici votre \u00e9clateur courbe :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1956\" data-end=\"2054\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1svjbxh\" data-start=\"1956\" data-end=\"1982\">suit les lignes de champ<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"v00dqg\" data-start=\"1983\" data-end=\"2001\">minimise la self<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"da5xib\" data-start=\"2002\" data-end=\"2054\">commute simultan\u00e9ment toute la largeur de la ligne<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2056\" data-end=\"2062\">Donc :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2064\" data-end=\"2130\">\n<li data-section-id=\"18g5a84\" data-start=\"2064\" data-end=\"2084\">tr\u00e8s faible jitter<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"19gzwph\" data-start=\"2085\" data-end=\"2109\">mont\u00e9e sub-ns possible<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"15rdib8\" data-start=\"2110\" data-end=\"2130\">onde tr\u00e8s homog\u00e8ne<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2132\" data-end=\"2178\">C\u2019est pratiquement un \u201cdistributed spark gap\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"2132\" data-end=\"2178\">Fonctionnement temporel<\/h2>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"yay5b4\" data-start=\"2212\" data-end=\"2224\">1. Charge<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2226\" data-end=\"2291\">Les lignes sont charg\u00e9es lentement via les r\u00e9sistances de 10 M\u03a9 :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2293\" data-end=\"2323\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1dle7nz\" data-start=\"2293\" data-end=\"2308\">haut : +30 kV<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"y3o5ny\" data-start=\"2309\" data-end=\"2323\">bas : \u221230 kV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2325\" data-end=\"2359\">Les capacit\u00e9s stockent l\u2019\u00e9nergie :<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">E=12CV2E=\\frac12 CV^2<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">E<\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mfrac\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\">21<\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">C<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">V<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>2. D\u00e9clenchement<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2408\" data-end=\"2433\">Le condensateur externe :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2435\" data-end=\"2459\">\n<li data-section-id=\"g7ojsb\" data-start=\"2435\" data-end=\"2443\">500 pF<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"15emaz5\" data-start=\"2444\" data-end=\"2451\">40 kV<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"15dydow\" data-start=\"2452\" data-end=\"2459\">50 ns<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2461\" data-end=\"2515\">injecte une impulsion de d\u00e9clenchement sur l\u2019\u00e9clateur.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2517\" data-end=\"2548\">Cela ionise brutalement le gap.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"2550\" data-end=\"2553\" \/>\n<h1 data-section-id=\"17lepl7\" data-start=\"2555\" data-end=\"2587\">3. Effondrement des potentiels<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"2589\" data-end=\"2619\">L\u2019\u00e9clateur devient conducteur.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2621\" data-end=\"2672\">Les lignes se d\u00e9chargent alors en onde progressive.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2674\" data-end=\"2708\">Les fronts partent simultan\u00e9ment :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2710\" data-end=\"2753\">\n<li data-section-id=\"2w8jym\" data-start=\"2710\" data-end=\"2730\">vers l\u2019oscillateur<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1g3j2l\" data-start=\"2731\" data-end=\"2753\">vers l\u2019amplificateur<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2755\" data-end=\"2779\">avec polarit\u00e9s oppos\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"2781\" data-end=\"2784\" \/>\n<h1 data-section-id=\"d7qcho\" data-start=\"2786\" data-end=\"2837\">Pourquoi la double polarit\u00e9 est tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressante<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"2839\" data-end=\"2845\">Avec :<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">+30kVet\u221230kV<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2888\" data-end=\"2902\">vous obtenez :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2904\" data-end=\"3038\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1h61qxz\" data-start=\"2904\" data-end=\"2929\">champ \u00e9lectrique double<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"9hkput\" data-start=\"2930\" data-end=\"2979\">moins de tension absolue par rapport \u00e0 la masse<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"7srcv\" data-start=\"2980\" data-end=\"3010\">moins de claquages parasites<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1hz6m20\" data-start=\"3011\" data-end=\"3038\">meilleure sym\u00e9trie plasma<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3040\" data-end=\"3067\">Le champ dans le gaz vaut :<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">E=60kVdE<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mfrac\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Synchronisation oscillateur \/ amplificateur<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3184\" data-end=\"3232\">C\u2019est ici que votre syst\u00e8me devient remarquable.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3234\" data-end=\"3249\">Vous utilisez :<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"kydua7\" data-start=\"3251\" data-end=\"3292\">Synchronisation \u00e9lectrique intrins\u00e8que<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3294\" data-end=\"3347\">Par diff\u00e9rence de rayon des \u00e9lectrodes de l\u2019\u00e9clateur.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3349\" data-end=\"3392\">Les zones \u00e0 plus faible rayon de courbure :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3394\" data-end=\"3441\">\n<li data-section-id=\"67drdw\" data-start=\"3394\" data-end=\"3418\">ont un champ plus fort<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"12dk1nf\" data-start=\"3419\" data-end=\"3441\">d\u00e9clenchent plus t\u00f4t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3443\" data-end=\"3475\">Donc vous cr\u00e9ez volontairement :<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\u0394telec\\Delta t_{elec}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">\u0394<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">t<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">e<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">l<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">ec<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3500\" data-end=\"3507\">entre :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3509\" data-end=\"3545\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1d3ko7c\" data-start=\"3509\" data-end=\"3529\">oscillateur ma\u00eetre<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"13nw3fu\" data-start=\"3530\" data-end=\"3545\">amplificateur<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3547\" data-end=\"3592\">C\u2019est une m\u00e9thode extr\u00eamement fine de timing.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3594\" data-end=\"3597\" \/>\n<h1 data-section-id=\"bf1h90\" data-start=\"3599\" data-end=\"3624\">Puis ajustement optique<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"3626\" data-end=\"3635\">Ensuite :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3637\" data-end=\"3705\">\n<li data-section-id=\"m71mvc\" data-start=\"3637\" data-end=\"3667\">le pulse UV de l\u2019oscillateur<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"xy7ng8\" data-start=\"3668\" data-end=\"3705\">traverse une ligne \u00e0 retard optique<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3707\" data-end=\"3713\">avec :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3715\" data-end=\"3748\">\n<li data-section-id=\"100553q\" data-start=\"3715\" data-end=\"3733\">r\u00e9tro-r\u00e9flecteur<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1f3naql\" data-start=\"3734\" data-end=\"3748\">rail optique<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3750\" data-end=\"3795\">afin que le pulse optique arrive exactement :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3797\" data-end=\"3846\">\n<li data-section-id=\"pwndz8\" data-start=\"3797\" data-end=\"3846\">lorsque le gain de l\u2019amplificateur est maximal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3848\" data-end=\"3851\" \/>\n<h1 data-section-id=\"1w46hii\" data-start=\"3853\" data-end=\"3903\">Pourquoi ce timing est critique dans un laser N\u2082<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"3905\" data-end=\"3922\">Le laser TEA N\u2082 :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3924\" data-end=\"4034\">\n<li data-section-id=\"wzb1nd\" data-start=\"3924\" data-end=\"3958\">a un temps de mont\u00e9e ultra court<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"mhgiio\" data-start=\"3959\" data-end=\"3975\">un gain \u00e9norme<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"12l3dvj\" data-start=\"3976\" data-end=\"4034\">mais une dur\u00e9e de vie de population invers\u00e9e tr\u00e8s faible<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4036\" data-end=\"4049\">Typiquement :\u00a0 1 ns \u00e0 pression atmosph\u00e9rique<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4077\" data-end=\"4083\">Donc :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4085\" data-end=\"4182\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1l8yh5b\" data-start=\"4085\" data-end=\"4142\">si l\u2019oscillateur arrive trop t\u00f4t \u2192 faible amplification<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ehbh86\" data-start=\"4143\" data-end=\"4182\">trop tard \u2192 le gain est d\u00e9j\u00e0 effondr\u00e9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4184\" data-end=\"4227\">Le r\u00e9glage doit souvent \u00eatre meilleur que :<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\u00b1200 ps soit 30 mm sur le d\u00e9placement du prisme<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"4279\" data-end=\"4282\" \/>\n<h1 data-section-id=\"z0dol6\" data-start=\"4284\" data-end=\"4320\">R\u00f4le de la ligne de retard optique<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"4322\" data-end=\"4366\">Le d\u00e9placement du r\u00e9tro-r\u00e9flecteur modifie :<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\u0394t=2\u0394Lc<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mfrac\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4406\" data-end=\"4412\">avec\u00a0 200ps\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a01 mm\u00a0 \u00a0\u2192 6.7 ps.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4520\" data-end=\"4565\">Cela permet un ajustement extr\u00eamement pr\u00e9cis.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"4567\" data-end=\"4570\" \/>\n<h1 data-section-id=\"4usumb\" data-start=\"4572\" data-end=\"4608\">Largeur d\u2019impulsion de la Blumlein<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"4610\" data-end=\"4658\">La dur\u00e9e de l\u2019impulsion vaut approximativement :<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\u03c4=2Lv\\tau <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mfrac\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4687\" data-end=\"4691\">o\u00f9 :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4693\" data-end=\"4770\">\n<li data-section-id=\"n6ogeg\" data-start=\"4693\" data-end=\"4722\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">LL<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">L<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> = longueur \u00e9lectrique<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"o8991l\" data-start=\"4723\" data-end=\"4770\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">vv<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u2248 vitesse de propagation (~0.7 \u00e0 0.9 c)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4772\" data-end=\"4816\">C\u2019est pourquoi les lignes TEA sont souvent :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4818\" data-end=\"4845\">\n<li data-section-id=\"15sifra\" data-start=\"4818\" data-end=\"4826\">larges<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1inuzw7\" data-start=\"4827\" data-end=\"4835\">plates<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"21an7l\" data-start=\"4836\" data-end=\"4845\">courtes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4847\" data-end=\"4861\">pour obtenir :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4863\" data-end=\"4875\">\n<li data-section-id=\"3fkoaz\" data-start=\"4863\" data-end=\"4875\">5 \u00e0 50 ns.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4877\" data-end=\"4880\" \/>\n<h1 data-section-id=\"3v18pl\" data-start=\"4882\" data-end=\"4931\">Pourquoi la Blumlein est id\u00e9ale pour les TEA N\u2082<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"4933\" data-end=\"4952\">Le TEA N\u2082 demande :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4954\" data-end=\"5019\">\n<li data-section-id=\"w7va8f\" data-start=\"4954\" data-end=\"4977\">tr\u00e8s forte surtension<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"2kkdjd\" data-start=\"4978\" data-end=\"4999\">mont\u00e9e ultra rapide<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1sfofa6\" data-start=\"5000\" data-end=\"5019\">d\u00e9charge homog\u00e8ne<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"5021\" data-end=\"5054\">La Blumlein fournit pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5056\" data-end=\"5150\">\n<li data-section-id=\"qyk9f4\" data-start=\"5056\" data-end=\"5081\">impulsion rectangulaire<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"5kja9l\" data-start=\"5082\" data-end=\"5097\">faible jitter<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"14xvhmg\" data-start=\"5098\" data-end=\"5122\">tr\u00e8s faible inductance<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"9ua9gm\" data-start=\"5123\" data-end=\"5150\">fort courant impulsionnel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"5152\" data-end=\"5217\">Beaucoup mieux qu\u2019un simple condensateur d\u00e9charg\u00e9 dans le plasma.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"5219\" data-end=\"5222\" \/>\n<h1 data-section-id=\"15mayr6\" data-start=\"5224\" data-end=\"5267\">Ce que votre architecture apporte en plus<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"5269\" data-end=\"5291\">Votre syst\u00e8me ajoute :<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"1rjttmb\" data-start=\"5293\" data-end=\"5311\">1. Sym\u00e9trie \u00b1HT<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"5312\" data-end=\"5339\">Tr\u00e8s bon pour la stabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"mh59c6\" data-start=\"5341\" data-end=\"5378\">2. \u00c9clateur distribu\u00e9 non inductif<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"5379\" data-end=\"5398\">Extr\u00eamement rapide.<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"kkrv73\" data-start=\"5400\" data-end=\"5431\">3. Double ligne ind\u00e9pendante<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"5432\" data-end=\"5440\">Permet :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5441\" data-end=\"5494\">\n<li data-section-id=\"wuwhs2\" data-start=\"5441\" data-end=\"5468\">oscillateur ma\u00eetre propre<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1mbk4s0\" data-start=\"5469\" data-end=\"5494\">amplification contr\u00f4l\u00e9e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"11gz4f\" data-start=\"5496\" data-end=\"5529\">4. Synchronisation g\u00e9om\u00e9trique<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"5530\" data-end=\"5548\">Tr\u00e8s sophistiqu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"17028sf\" data-start=\"5550\" data-end=\"5580\">5. Ajustement optique final<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"5581\" data-end=\"5617\">Permet le verrouillage temporel fin.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"5619\" data-end=\"5622\" \/>\n<h1 data-section-id=\"1qji42v\" data-start=\"5624\" data-end=\"5654\">Ce qui se passe physiquement<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"5656\" data-end=\"5677\">Chronologie typique :<\/p>\n<div class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\">\n<div class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"5679\" data-end=\"5995\">\n<thead data-start=\"5679\" data-end=\"5700\">\n<tr data-start=\"5679\" data-end=\"5700\">\n<th class=\"last:pe-10\" data-start=\"5679\" data-end=\"5687\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Temps<\/th>\n<th class=\"last:pe-10\" data-start=\"5687\" data-end=\"5700\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u00c9v\u00e9nement<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"5711\" data-end=\"5995\">\n<tr data-start=\"5711\" data-end=\"5737\">\n<td data-start=\"5711\" data-end=\"5716\" data-col-size=\"sm\">t0<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"5716\" data-end=\"5737\" data-col-size=\"sm\">charge des lignes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"5738\" data-end=\"5764\">\n<td data-start=\"5738\" data-end=\"5743\" data-col-size=\"sm\">t1<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"5743\" data-end=\"5764\" data-col-size=\"sm\">impulsion trigger<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"5765\" data-end=\"5794\">\n<td data-start=\"5765\" data-end=\"5773\" data-col-size=\"sm\">t1+ps<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"5773\" data-end=\"5794\" data-col-size=\"sm\">claquage \u00e9clateur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"5795\" data-end=\"5829\">\n<td data-start=\"5795\" data-end=\"5803\" data-col-size=\"sm\">t1+ns<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"5803\" data-end=\"5829\" data-col-size=\"sm\">excitation oscillateur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"5830\" data-end=\"5860\">\n<td data-start=\"5830\" data-end=\"5838\" data-col-size=\"sm\">t1+\u0394t<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"5838\" data-end=\"5860\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u00e9mission UV 337 nm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"5861\" data-end=\"5906\">\n<td data-start=\"5861\" data-end=\"5876\" data-col-size=\"sm\">t1+\u0394t+retard<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"5876\" data-end=\"5906\" data-col-size=\"sm\">arriv\u00e9e dans amplificateur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"5907\" data-end=\"5953\">\n<td data-start=\"5907\" data-end=\"5923\" data-col-size=\"sm\">t1+\u0394t optimum<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"5923\" data-end=\"5953\" data-col-size=\"sm\">gain maximal amplificateur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"5954\" data-end=\"5995\">\n<td data-start=\"5954\" data-end=\"5971\" data-col-size=\"sm\">t1+quelques ns<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"5971\" data-end=\"5995\" data-col-size=\"sm\">amplification g\u00e9ante<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"5997\" data-end=\"6000\" \/>\n<h1 data-section-id=\"1hrzafy\" data-start=\"6002\" data-end=\"6021\">Cons\u00e9quence laser<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"6023\" data-end=\"6037\">Vous obtenez :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6039\" data-end=\"6127\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1ezfqvv\" data-start=\"6039\" data-end=\"6082\">un oscillateur ma\u00eetre stable spatialement<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"d6tl56\" data-start=\"6083\" data-end=\"6127\">puis un amplificateur TEA \u00e0 tr\u00e8s haut gain<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"6129\" data-end=\"6135\">Donc :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6137\" data-end=\"6212\">\n<li data-section-id=\"oynv7g\" data-start=\"6137\" data-end=\"6157\">divergence r\u00e9duite limite de diffraction \u00e0 337nm<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"z1f3mk\" data-start=\"6158\" data-end=\"6179\">meilleure coh\u00e9rence<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"o3nu5z\" data-start=\"6180\" data-end=\"6212\">puissance beaucoup plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"6214\" data-end=\"6257\">par rapport \u00e0 un TEA auto-oscillant unique.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"6214\" data-end=\"6257\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Ce type d\u2019architecture \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s avanc\u00e9<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  avia-builder-el-24  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  column-top-margin\" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">En 1981 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 de HAMBOURG m&rsquo;a achet\u00e9 les plans de ce laser pour pouvoir le construire et en fait cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le travail de DIPLOME\u00a0 d&rsquo;un physicien Peter Sch\u00fctt titre \u00a0\u00bb Bau und inbetriebnahme eine zweistufigen Stickstoff Laser zur Teilchenspur Simulation\u00a0\u00bb UNIVERSITAT HAMBURG.<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  avia-builder-el-26  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  column-top-margin\" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-builder-el-27  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  avia-align-center '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" class='wp-image-6082 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-6082 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-153742.png\" alt='' title='Capture d&#039;\u00e9cran 2026-05-27 153742' height=\"545\" width=\"900\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-153742.png 900w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-153742-300x182.png 300w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-153742-768x465.png 768w, https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Capture-decran-2026-05-27-153742-705x427.png 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  avia-builder-el-28  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  column-top-margin\" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Cliquer ici pour ajouter votre propre texte<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  avia-builder-el-30  el_after_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-last  column-top-margin\" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Cliquer ici pour ajouter votre propre texte<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6066,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6061","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lasers-a-gaz"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6061","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6061"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6061\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6178,"href":"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6061\/revisions\/6178"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6066"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6061"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6061"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.swissrocketman.fr\/Wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6061"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}